Litora

The sand and sea proved my lonely company,
as I stand on a silk scarf of sand it snakes along the shore
separating land and sea as close as they may be. As I stand on the sand my eyes admirer the blanket of the sea as quietly smooth as it can be.
Eyes closed my ears see the wonderest sounds that call to me from all around, like 100 mice the sand squeaks beneath my feet, the waves sigh like broken harts, that rumble in the wind like a storm so far away. So as I stand on the sand, admirer the sea and hear the sounds that call to me, I realize that the sand and sea really do proved my lonely company.


by Oscar J.D Connor

term 4 is going to be great especially with Able Tazman coming up I think it's going to end my time at Muritai with a bang. looking ahead I might be going to wellington High school so I'll see were it goes from there.
oj

The House

The light seemed to fade as if it were scared of the house that stood before me. It’s towering profile watched me like a prison guard poised to strike, yet as patient as a brick. The ominous green light shone from the window like an illuminated eye forever searching for a the next victim......

hi everybody, the post below is my science fair.
by the way term 3 is going great I'm finally getting used to being a year8 even though the year is nearly over. High school looks great I chose to do Chinese and history I think it's going to be lots of fun.
Cheers
oj

This is my science fair, please coment on the content of it thanks, oj

Introduction

A few weeks ago I was under my grandparent’s house when I came across a pile of old glass bottles, they came in all shapes and sizes. Afterwards I showed them to my grandma. She said they were very old and would be quite nice as a collection. When I got home my dad and I got them out. I was looking at them when it hit me, why not play them like a flute so I got a big bottle with a skinny neck and blew over it, this made a sound witch got me thinking how does it work. I managed to trace it back to natural resonance. I also found out that it destroyed the Tacoma Narrows Bridge and is how you break a wine glass by singing. I found this fascinating and so decided to use this idea for my science fair.

Aim

To investigate what factors determine the note produced by a bottle when you blow over the top.

My investigation was in two parts. After testing my first hypothesis the results led me to form a second hypothesis. I then went on to test this hypothesis. Both experiments are set out below.

Materials and equipment used

· Bottles (varying in size and shape)
· Piano
· Chromatic tuner
· Funnel
· Water

Hypothesis one (in three parts)

The note produced by the bottle when you blow across its neck is determined by the volume.
If the volume is reduced the note will rise in pitch.
If you halve the volume the frequency of the note will double.

Procedure for stage 1

1. Measure volume.
2. Tune bottle to nearest note using water.
3. Subtract tuning water from total volume.
4. Halve the answer.
5. Put that much water in the bottle.
6. Measure the new note.
7. Take note of outcome.

I'm sorry, but I had to delete my results due to a formating problem on bloger, oj

Discussion

The notes produced when the volume of the bottle was halved were all higher than before. This result supports the second part of the hypothesis.
The change in the notes when the volume was halved was always about the same, six semitones. Twelve semitones is an octave, which is a doubling of the frequency. This result does not support the third part of the hypothesis.

The volumes of bottles one and three are the same (but different shapes) and the notes are different. This result does not support the first idea in the hypothesis that the note is determined only by the volume of the bottle.

These results led me to a new hypothesis.

Hypothesis two

The main variables that determine the note are the volume and the shape of the bottle.

Procedure for stage 2

I found pairs of bottles that were the same or similar in either volume or shape, but different in the other variable. I tried to use bottles made of the same type of glass to control for any effect from different glass.

1. Blow over each bottle of the pair.
2. Check the note on the tuner.
3. Verify octave of note on piano.
4. Compare volumes.
5. Make note of outcome.

I'm sorry, but I had to delete my results due to a formating problem on bloger, oj

An extra step was carried out for pair 1. These bottles have the same shape but are different volumes. After testing the notes water was added to the bigger bottle to make the volumes equal (300 ml). Then the note was tested again. The note produced was the same as the small bottle of the pair.

Discussion

The results from pair 1 were similar to the results from the first experiment. When the water was added to make the volume the same as the small bottle, the note was the same even though bottom part of the bottle was full changing the shape of the air space. This suggests that the shape of the top of the bottle has a big effect on the note produced.

The bottles in pair 2 have different shaped tops but the same volume. The note produced by the long narrow necked bottle was lower than the other by three semitones. This suggests that a long neck lowers the tone.

The bottles in the third pair were different in volume and shape. However the bottle with the larger volume produced a higher note. As with pair two the bottle with the long neck produced a lower note.

The bottles in the forth pair were again different in volume and shape. The results of pair three were repeated. The smaller bottle with the long neck produced the lower note.

Conclusion

These experiments produced some surprising results. The shape of the top section of the bottle made more difference to the notes than the volume. Even for bottles that were much smaller and you would think they would produce a higher note, produced notes much lower than bigger bottles if the shapes were different. The main difference seems to be where the neck is long and narrow compared to shorter wider necks. The long necks produced lower notes.

The volume of the bottles is still important where the shapes are the same. All bottles had higher notes when water was added to reduce the volume. The first experiment showed that halving the volume had the same effect in the number of semitones the note was raised, for several different sized bottles.

My conclusion is that the main factors that control the notes produced when you blow over a bottle are the volume of air in the bottle and the shape of the top section of the bottle. But, how much the note is controlled by each of these variables is not yet clear. Further research may be required.

Sorry, I haven't been posting lately but I've been really busy and whats more it's my birthday in 15 days and I have no idea what I want. Any way I just dropped in to say a happy birthday to the Queen even though it isn't her birthday. oj

My dads turning 56 in a few days does anyone have any suggestions for a birthday present thanks.
Oj